Refernces
At promoting drinking for hydration
(Clapp, A et al. Fluid replacement preferences in heat-exposed workers. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 60:747-751, 1999/ Passe, D. M Horn and R Murray.
Impact of beverage acceptability on fluid intake during exercise. Appetite 35:219-229, 2000/ Rivera-Brown A, R Gutierrez, JC Gutierrez, W Frontera, and O Bar-Or.
Drink composition, voluntary drinking, and fluid balance in exercising, trained, heat-acclimatized boys. J Appl Physiol 86:78-84, 1999/ Wilk B, and O Bar-Or.
Effect of drink flavor and NaCl on voluntary drinking and hydration in boys exercising in the heat. J Appl Physiol 80:1112-1117, 1996)
At stimulating fast fluid absorption
(Lambert GP, RT Chang, T Xia, RW Summers and CV Gisolfi. Absorption from different intestinal segments during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 204-212, 1997/ Gisolfi, C. V., K. J.Spranger, R. W.Summers, H. P. Schedl, and T. L. Bleiler.
Effects of cycle exercise on intestinal absorption in humans. J Appl Physiol 71(6): 2518-2527. 1991/ Ryan AJ, GP Lambert, X Shi, RT Chang, RW Summers, and CV Gisolfi.
Effect of hypohydration on gastric emptying and intestinal absorption during exercise. J Appl Physiol 84:1581-1588, 1998/ Wilk B, and O Bar-Or.
Effect of drink flavor and NaCl on voluntary drinking and hydration in boys exercising in the heat. J Appl Physiol 80:1112-1117, 1996)
At delivering energy and hydration for optimal performance
(Below, P. R., R. Mora-Rodriguez, J. Gonzalez-Alonso and E. F. Coyle Fluid and carbohydrate ingestion independently improve performance during a 1 h of intense exercise.
Med. Sci. Sports and Exer. 27(2), 200-210. 1995/ Davis, J. M., R. S. Welsh, and N. A. Alderson. Effects of carbohydrate and chromium ingestion during intermittent high-intensity exercise to fatigue.
Inter. J Sports Nutr. Exer. Met. 10:476-485, 2000/ Davis, J. M., D. R. Lamb, R. R. Pate, C. A. Slentz, W. A. Burgess, and W. P. Bartoli. Carbohydrateelectrolyte drinks: effects on endurance cycling in heat.
Am J Clin Nutr. 48: 1023-1030, 1988/ Fritzsche, R.G., TW Switzer, BJ Hodgkinson, AH Lee, JC Martin, EF Coyle. Water and carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise increase maximal neuromuscular power.
J Appl Physiol. 88:730-737, 2000/ Menzel, K. L., Loyo, J. J., Martin, J. C., and Coyle, E. F. Maximal power in football players is increased by full fluid replacement and fatigue reduced by carbohydrate beverages.
FASEB J. 13, A1050. 1999/ Murray, R., W. Bartoli, D Eddy and M Horn Physiological and performance responses to nicotinic-acid ingestion during exercise.
Med Sci Sports Exer 27(7), 1057-1062. 1995/ Smith, K., Smith, N., Wishart, C., and Green, S. Effect of a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on fatigue during a soccer-related running test.
J Sports Scie 16, 502-503. 1998/ Utter, A.C., J. Kang, DC Nieman, F. Williams, RJ Robertson, DA Henson, JM Davis, DE Butterworth. Effect of carbohydrate ingestion and hormonal responses on ratings of perceived exertion during prolonged cycling and running.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 80:92-99, 1999/ Utter A. et. a. Effect on carbohydrate substrate availability on rating of perceived exertion during prolonged running. Int J Sports Nutr 7:274-285, 1997),
And at promoting a more complete rehydration
(Gonzalez-Alonso J, CL Heaps, EF Coyle. Rehydration after exercise with common beverages and water. Inter J Sports Med. 13:399-406, 1992/ Vrijens, D.M. and N.J. Rehrer. Sodium-free ingestion decreases plasma sodium during exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 86:1847-1851, 1999/ Shirreffs et al IJSNEM 2007)